这个短语的本义是“没有意图”,即行为或事件的发生并非出于主体的主观意愿。它通常用来描述非故意的行为,例如“I broke the vase without intention.”(我不是故意打碎花瓶的)。引申义则用于更抽象的场景,比如“without intention to harm”(无意伤害),强调行为虽造成后果,但并非出于恶意或预谋。在逻辑上,它从具体的“无意图动作”引申到“无意图的状态”,甚至可用于描述自然事件(如“The error occurred without intention.”)。核心在于“意图”的缺失,而非“结果”的好坏。
该短语在学术写作中常用于描述实验误差或非人为因素,如“The variation was introduced without intention.”(这种变异并非有意引入),语气中性、客观。在商务邮件中,可能用于道歉或澄清,如“I apologize for the delay; it was without intention.”(我为延误道歉,并非有意为之),语气正式且带歉意。日常口语中较少使用完整短语,更多说“not intentionally”或“by accident”,但若使用则显得正式,如“I stepped on your foot without intention.”(我无意踩到你的脚)。新闻报道中用于法律或事件描述,如“The damage was caused without intention.”(损害并非故意造成),强调非故意性。法律文本中,该短语常与“malice”或“negligence”对比,用于区分故意与过失。文学作品则可能用于心理描写,如“She looked at him without intention, yet her eyes betrayed her.”(她无意地看他,但眼神出卖了她),带有微妙的情感色彩。
语法要点
该短语在句中通常作状语,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,位置灵活,可放句首、句中或句末。例如:“Without intention, he knocked over the glass.”(无意中,他打翻了杯子)。也可作表语,如“The mistake was without intention.”(这个错误不是有意的)。常见句型包括“do something without intention”和“be without intention”。易错点:不要与“without intent”混淆,两者基本同义,但“intent”更法律化;“without intention”后接“of doing”时,如“without intention of hurting”,但更常见的是“without intention to hurt”。注意“intention”通常用单数,且前面不加冠词。
近义辨析
与“unintentionally”相比,“without intention”更正式、书面化,且可作表语;而“unintentionally”是副词,只能作状语。与“accidentally”相比,后者强调“偶然性”,可能含“意外惊喜”之意,而“without intention”纯粹强调“无意图”。与“inadvertently”相比,后者更侧重“疏忽”,暗示本可避免;而“without intention”不一定含疏忽。与“by accident”相比,后者更口语化,且“accident”常含负面结果。法律语境中,“without intention”常与“intentional”相对,用于区分“故意”与“过失”。日常中,若想表达“我不是故意的”,口语多用“I didn't mean to”,而“without intention”更正式。
使用提示
该短语语域偏正式,常见于书面语、法律和学术语境,日常口语中较少使用。它本身是中性短语,不附带褒贬,但在道歉或辩解时,可减轻责任,如“I did it without intention”有推卸之嫌,使用时需注意语气。常见误用:一是与“without intention of”混淆,如“He left without intention of returning”应改为“He left without any intention of returning”(他离开时无意返回),因为“intention”前常加“any”;二是与“with no intention”混用,后者更强调“没有意图”的状态,而“without intention”更强调“非故意”的行为;三是误用为“without intentional”,因为“intentional”是形容词,应改为“without intention”或“unintentionally”。
高频搭配
without intention to do无意做某事
without any intention毫无意图
without intention of doing无意做某事(后接动名词)
act without intention非故意行为
harm without intention无意伤害
without intention or malice既非故意也非恶意
be done without intention非故意完成的
without intention to deceive无意欺骗
句子示例
He broke the window without intention, but he still had to pay for it.他不是故意打破窗户的,但还是要赔偿。
The insult was made without intention, so please forgive me.那句冒犯的话并非有意,请原谅我。
She deleted the file without intention, causing a major problem.她无意中删除了文件,导致了一个大问题。
The error occurred without intention, but we must correct it immediately.错误并非有意造成,但我们必须立即纠正。
In legal terms, an act done without intention is not considered a crime.在法律上,非故意行为不构成犯罪。
Without intention to hurt, he told the truth.他无意伤害任何人,只是说出了真相。