本义指“朝相反的方向”,引申为“与所述内容相反”。核心义项有二:1. 用作副词,表示“相反地”,修饰整个句子,常置于句首或句末,相当于“on the contrary”。例如:“I expected him to be angry; to the contrary, he was delighted.”2. 用作介词短语,作后置定语,意为“相反的”,修饰名词,相当于“contrary to”。例如:“There is no evidence to the contrary.”(没有相反的证据。)两个义项都围绕“对立”展开,前者强调转折,后者强调存在相反的事物。
字源分析
“contrary”源自拉丁语“contrarius”,由“contra”(相对、相反)加后缀“-arius”构成,意为“相反的”。短语“to the contrary”字面义为“朝着相反的方向”,介词“to”表示方向。记忆时可联想“to”指向目标,“contrary”是相反,合起来即“指向相反”。
什么场合用
该短语常用于正式语体,如学术写作、法律文本和新闻报道,表示对前文观点的否定或转折。在学术论文中,它用于引出反例或对立观点,语气严谨;在法律文本中,常表示“无相反证据”,如“unless the court finds to the contrary”。在新闻报道中,用于澄清误解,语气客观。日常口语中较少使用,但偶尔出现,带有强调意味。各场景下含义相同,但正式程度有别。
语法要点
1. 作副词时,位置灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号隔开。2. 作定语时,紧跟在名词之后,如“evidence to the contrary”。3. 注意区分“to the contrary”与“on the contrary”:前者强调“有相反的事物存在”,后者强调“与所说正好相反”,用于反驳。易错点:误将“to the contrary”用于连接两个并列句,应使用“on the contrary”或“in contrast”。
近义辨析
“to the contrary”与“on the contrary”意义相近,但用法有别:“on the contrary”用于完全否定前句,并给出相反观点,如“I'm not tired; on the contrary, I'm full of energy.”;而“to the contrary”作定语时不可替换,如“proof to the contrary”。与“contrary to”不同,“contrary to”是介词短语,后接名词,如“contrary to popular belief”。与“oppositely”相比,“to the contrary”更正式,且多用于书面语。
使用提示
该短语属于正式用语,语域较高,适合书面语和正式演讲,日常口语中可能显得生硬。无褒贬色彩,但常带有强调或反驳的语气。常见误用:一是与“on the contrary”混用,在需要连接两个句子的场合误用“to the contrary”;二是将其误作形容词,如“a contrary opinion”应直接使用“contrary”,不加“to the”。另外,注意“to the contrary”后不能直接接宾语。
高频搭配
evidence to the contrary相反的证据
unless ... to the contrary除非...相反
to the contrary notwithstanding尽管有相反情况
prove to the contrary证明相反
anything to the contrary任何相反的东西
no evidence to the contrary没有相反证据
hold to the contrary持相反意见
句子示例
I thought the movie would be boring; to the contrary, it was fascinating.我以为这部电影会无聊,恰恰相反,它引人入胜。
Unless you have evidence to the contrary, I will assume the report is accurate.除非你有相反的证据,否则我会认为这份报告是准确的。
She claimed she was innocent, but the evidence to the contrary was overwhelming.她声称自己是无辜的,但相反的证据却压倒性。
The policy has not been changed; to the contrary, it has been strengthened.政策没有改变;相反,它得到了加强。
If you hear any rumors to the contrary, please inform me immediately.如果你听到任何相反的谣言,请立即通知我。