本义指物体因燃烧而受损或毁坏,如“The house was burned to the ground.”(房子被烧为平地。)引申义有三:其一,指身体受到高温或化学物质的伤害,如“She burned her hand on the stove.”(她在炉子上烫伤了手。)其二,指耗尽能量或资源,如“The rocket burned all its fuel.”(火箭耗尽了所有燃料。)其三,指情绪上的激烈感受,如“He burned with anger.”(他怒火中烧。)作为形容词,burned表示“烧焦的、烧坏的”,如“burned toast”(烤焦的面包)。各义项均围绕“因火或热造成损伤”这一核心展开。
burned在日常口语中极为常见,用于描述烫伤、晒伤或食物烧焦,如“I burned my tongue on the coffee.”(咖啡烫了我的舌头。)在新闻报道中,常用其比喻义,如“The company was burned by the bad investment.”(公司因投资失误而蒙受损失。)在文学作品里,burned可象征毁灭或激情,如“a burned-out city”(被烧毁的城市)。学术写作中较少直接使用,但可能出现在材料科学或医学文献中,如“The sample was burned at 500°C.”(样品在500°C下燃烧。)商务邮件中可能用“burned out”表示精疲力竭。总体而言,burned在口语和书面语中均适用,语域中性。
burned语域中性,适用于口语和书面语,但作形容词时,burnt在英式英语中更正式。无特殊褒贬色彩,但比喻义(如“burned out”)常含负面意义,指精疲力竭或资源耗尽。常见误用包括:将burned误用为现在分词(应为burning);将burnt用作动词过去式(英式可接受,但美式不常见);混淆“burned”和“burnt”在地域上的使用习惯。此外,在表达“被烧伤”时,被动语态“be burned”后常接介词on或by,如“She was burned on the arm.”(她的手臂被烧伤。)注意介词搭配,避免说“burned in the arm”。
高频搭配
burned down烧毁
burned out精疲力竭;烧坏
burned up烧掉;发怒
burned to death烧死
burned by the sun晒伤
burned calories消耗卡路里
burned bridges切断退路
句子示例
The toast is burned black.吐司烤焦了,变黑了。
He burned his hand on the hot pan.他在热锅上烫伤了手。
The forest fire burned for three days.森林大火烧了三天。
She burned with jealousy when she saw his ex-girlfriend.当她看到他前女友时,她妒火中烧。
The company was burned by the failed merger.公司因合并失败而蒙受损失。
I'm completely burned out after this week's overtime.这周加班后,我完全精疲力竭了。